
Todayās briefing:
ā Trumpās Gaza plan gets the UN tick
ā Go join a development bank in Greece
ā Donāt dare do that to Italy
Good morning {{first_name | Intriguer}}. The Middle East is no stranger to hosting stabilisation missions (to varying degrees of success), be they the Multinational Force and Observers in the Sinai, the UN Disengagement Observer Force in the Golan, or the OG UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem (which had been, back in my day, a plum post for retiring military brass).
But few of these organisations will have as tough a mandate as Gazaās newly-approved International Stabilisation Force (ISF), which will use "all necessary measures" to demilitarise Gaza, dismantle non-state armed groups' infrastructure, protect civilians and humanitarian operations, secure border areas, and train a vetted Palestinian police force.
The ISF will have its work cut out for it, as weāll see in our top story today.

Number of the day
427-1
Thatās how the House voted to release 20,000+ pages relating to Jeffrey Epstein after President Trump suddenly dropped his objections. Now that the Senate has given its unanimous approval, Trump has promised to sign this bill into law, though the justice department still has scope for broad national security redactions.
Israeli-Palestinian peace

After weeks of haggling, the UN Security Council (UNSC) has approved the US-led plan for post-war Gaza, with 13 in favour, two abstentions (Russia/China), and none against.
In short, Resolution 2803 (2025) endorses:Ā
Trumpās āBoard of Peaceā overseeing Palestinian technocrats to initially run Gaza
An International Stabilisation Force (ISF) to secure the stripĀ
The gradual withdrawal of Israeli forces to a āsecurity perimeterā in Gaza, andĀ
The āfull resumptionā of aid overseen not by Israel or Hamas, but the Board of Peace.
The Security Council authorised it all at least through the end of 2027, with the US now hustling to get the ISF into Gaza as soon as January.
In the meantime, here are the four biggest questions you need to know:Ā
Whoās on the Board of Peace?Ā
President Trump says heāll chair, and Tony Blairās name is in the mix as another member, though Blairās stint dragging the UK into Iraq makes him (ahem) a controversial pick.Ā
Trump says heāll announce the Board ā featuring āthe most powerful and respected leaders throughout the worldā ā in coming weeks. Negotiations are likely still underway, though UNSC endorsement will now push some initial āmaybesā into the āyesā column.
From Trumpās perspective, getting the biggest names onboard will maximise the planās credibility, buy-in, and therefore chances of success. But success also depends a lot onā¦
Who will deploy troops to Gaza?Ā
This is a chicken-egg situation, with no obvious exit:
Hamas is refusing to disarm, and linking any foreign troops to Israeli occupation
Azerbaijan is saying itāll only send troops once the fighting stops
Indonesiaās troops will only help with aid and reconstruction, and
Israel is vetoing any military presence from regional rival Turkey.
So⦠whoās actually going to stare Hamas down? Israelās two brutal years of war couldnāt fully dislodge Hamas, so will this ISF fare any better?
Arab/Muslim forces would enjoy the most legitimacy, though it was several same nations who were among the most vocal critics of Israelās own Hamas war. So what happens when their own soldiers now return home in a body bag? Or cause more Gazan civilian deaths?
Itās a massive military, reputational, and political risk for any nation volunteering troops. That might be why the Emiratis are already declining (though they flagged legal doubts).
And even if this ISF reaches the combat strength necessary to disarm Hamas, thenā¦
What happens after two years?Ā
The idea is for the ISF to eventually hand Gazaās administration back to the secular-nationalist Palestinian Authority (which ran Gaza pre-Hamas, and is still in the West Bank).
That unelected Authority (the PA) ā deeply unpopular among Palestinians ā has committed to a bunch of reforms and even elections to boost its credibility and effectiveness in time to resume control in Gaza. But even if you consider two years is like half a century in Middle East geopolitical years, is even that enough time forā¦
the PA to rebuild?
the ISF to disarm Hamas? and/orā¦
Egypt to train and vet an entirely new police force�
So thereās a risk this arrangement keeps getting rolled over, a little like the UNās support for Palestinian refugees way back in 1949, now extended as the UNRWA every three years⦠~25 times!
And if this Plan does need the Security Council to approve extensions, then we must askā¦
Ā Why did Russia and China abstain?Ā
Their official reasons (here and here) are that the plan is a) too vague, b) sidelines Palestinians, c) skips (at Israelās urging) any clear commitment to a two-state solution, and d) cedes too much power to a new, non-UN body.
But you can bet both missions also weighed up some unofficial reasons, like a preference not to contribute to a US win. Similarly, the more the US is tied up in Gaza, the less the US can focus on (say) Putinās invasion of Ukraine, or Xiās ambitions over Taiwan.
Anyway, the costs of blocking Trumpās plan ā particularly with key players onboard ā were clearly outweighed by the benefits of just waving it through, then maybe crowing ātold you soā down the track. But will they reach the same calculation in 2027, 2029, or 2031ā¦?
Intrigueās Take
Weāve explored this war and any possible exits a bunch of times over the years, but thereās actually some broader significance for the UN itself here.
First, the fact everyone wanted UNSC signoff before going beyond Gazaās initial ceasefire is a signal the UN still holds the moral authority and political legitimacy capitals crave.
Second, the fact the UNSC agreed on a massive new course of action is a signal the UN can still be effective, particularly after years of gridlock over (say) whether to even mention the Hamas attacks, or use the word āceasefireā, āpauseā, or ātruceā.
Of course, whether or not either of the above two positive points might now nudge the US back to paying its UN dues is another question entirely. To the contrary, this might actually hint at where the UN is headed: towards a leaner future dispensing / withholding legitimacy, while leaving actual implementation to member states.
But back to where we started: this particular UNSC-endorsed plan is clearly imperfect, but itās also clearly the closest weāve come to breaking a miserable cycle.
So keep an eye on the next two big steps: whoās on the Board, and who sends troops.
Sound even smarter:
Algeria is currently the Security Councilās only Arab member ā it negotiated on behalf of the broader Arab group of nations.
Meanwhile, elsewhereā¦


š·šŗĀ RUSSIA - Secret talks?
The US and Russia are reportedly holding secret talks to end Putinās war on Ukraine, with a draft 28-point plan loosely inspired by Trumpās Gaza plan (see above). Itās unclear how much Ukraine or broader Europe are in the loop here. (Axios $)
Comment: Meanwhile, the price of Urals crude (Russiaās main export blend) has plunged to ~$36 per barrel (compared to ~$60 last month) ahead of a looming 21 November deadline for tough new US sanctions. Putinās break-even price is now above $70, so these sanctions are hurting.

šøš¦Ā SAUDI ARABIA - 5 stars on TripAdvisor.
The crown prince has wrapped his White House visit with news that President Trump is designating the kingdom a āmajor non-Nato allyā, paving the way for the US to sell the Saudis F-35 fighter jets (something we explored yesterday). But the prince told reporters he still wants a clear path to a two-state solution before he recognises Israel via Trumpās Abraham Accords. (The Hill)
Comment: This updated pact (including more Saudi cash, and an affirmation of the US as the kingdomās top partner) is a big deal. But the lingering memory might be Trump claiming (contrary to US intel) the prince played no role in the Khashoggi assassination, or seemingly implying the Washington Post columnist had it coming.

šØš³Ā CHINA - Oops.
Domestic state-run outlets are blaming unspecified tourists for a fire at a vast temple in Zhangjiagang, citing āirresponsibleā use of candles and incense. (The Straits Times)

š¬š§ UNITED KINGDOM - The job app.
The spycatchers at MI5 have warned British lawmakers that Chinaās intelligence officers are posing as LinkedIn recruiters to lure them. (CNN)
Comment: This technique isnāt news (Chinaās MSS has also used LinkedIn fronts to offer us lucrative āļøconsultanciesāļø over the years ā we accepted just joking). Whatās more newsworthy is the prospect of using such a blunt method to try recruiting an actual member of parliament. Though as in all of Chinaās espionage, itās often a raw numbers game ā most targets will ignore, but you only need one bite.

š±š¦ LAOS - Royal treatment. Ā Ā
Japanās princess (23) has begun a tour in Laos, celebrating 70 years of diplomatic relations. (Nikkei)
Comment: While technically above government, countries typically shape these royal visits to maximise geopolitical outcomes. In this case, Tokyo is likely hoping to make headway in a country firmly within the orbit of rival China (though Japan also has a long history of supporting Laos).

š§š· BRAZIL - Sentenced.
Brazilās top court has jailed high-ranking military officers and a federal agent for up to 24 years for plotting a coup and planning to assassinate President Lula, as part of the sprawling case that already convicted a former leader (Bolsonaro). (AP)
Comment: This is unlikely to derail Americaās quiet de-escalation of its Bolsonaro-linked tariffs ā the US president just rolled back several on inflation grounds.

š²šæ MOZAMBIQUE - Court documents. Ā Ā
Human rights groups are accusing Franceās TotalEnergies of complicity in 2021 war crimes by security forces protecting their multibillion dollar LNG project, after ISIS-linked insurgents reportedly killed or kidnapped 1,500 locals. The firm denies the allegations, which are now being examined by French prosecutors. (BBC)
Comment: Total says itās still proceeding with the project, which was once the single largest foreign investment in Africa. Still, this news will complicate President Chapoās efforts to convince majors to revive other stalled projects. And coming the same month as another French industrial giant (Lafarge) faces trial for allegedly paying off jihadis in Syria (!), itās a reminder of the perils of doing business in a conflict zone.
Extra Intrigue
The Intrigue jobs board š¼
Program Director, Public Opinion and Foreign Policy @ Lowy Institute in Sydney
Senior Officer, Comms @ Black Sea Trade and Development Bank in Thessaloniki
Program Coordinator @ Gates Foundation in Beijing
Data Science Senior Program Officer @ Science for Africa Foundation in Nairobi
Controversy of the day

Credits: Francesco Lollobrigidaās Facebook
This weekās political drama in Brussels isnāt about Putinās war, or Chinaās trade, or the continentās irregular immigration, or even the EUās own budget.
No, dear Intriguer. The European Parliament is directing the full force of its taxpayer-funded might towards **checks notes**⦠carbonara.
Thatās right. During a stroll through the European Parliamentās in-house supermarket, Italian Agriculture Minister Francesco Lollobrigida reportedly froze in horror at the sight of āItalian styleā goodies not hailing from Italy. But what really screeched his metaphorical Vespa tires to a halt was a jar of Belgian-made carbonara sauce.
So really putting the LoL in his Lollobrigida surname, the minister went public (on Facebook no less) demanding an immediate investigation. With a bit of help from Italian lawmakers in Strasbourg, the issue has now landed on the desk of parliamentary leader Roberta Metsola.
Todayās poll
Do you think this UN-backed plan for Gaza will work?
Yesterdayās poll: Which jet would you buy?
š«š· Rafale (6%)
šŗšø F-35 (63%)
šØš³ J-35 (7%)
šŖšŗ Eurofighter (13%)
š·šŗ Su-57 (3%)
āļø Other (write us!) (8%)
Your two cents:
šŗšø E.K.H: āAlthough I wonder, how much better is the F-35 really than the previous generation? And is it worth the expense? Seems like you could get as much bang for a lot less buck with several F-16s and F-22s.ā
šøšŖ L.M: āGripen. The Swedes are wooing us Canadians. I'm good with that. I'd rather get into fighter-bed with the Swedes any day than the Americans.ā
šØš³ P.F: āGive me a J-35 so I could trade it to the US (inspection) for two F-35s.ā
āļø G.K: āNone. The Ukraine/Russia war has shown us the future: drones, missiles, robots and likely next in line: lasers.ā